When tractors were first developed, they used enormous steam engines that were notoriously unreliable and hard to maintain. These were phased out around the turn with the twentieth century and substituted for internal combustion engines which were smaller though powerful and ran on a number of fuels including kerosene, ethanol and gasoline. By the 1960s several of these engines were phased out and only more effective internal combustion engines that ran on diesel and after this, biodiesel. After the battle of Verti?res, Dessalines has declared Haiti?s independence on January 1, 1804. After winning the Independence war, Dessalines met with all the heroic leaders and contacted Boirond-Tonnerre to create the Declaration of Independence in the newly Republic, that was then changed from French Saint-Domingue to Haiti. A few lines of Haiti?s Declaration of Independence by Boiron Tonnerre follow: ?In order to write down the Declaration of our Independence, we have to have the skin of a White man (Frenchman) for parchment, his skull for inkstand, his blood for ink along with a bayonet for pen?. Dessalines was then chosen with a council of generals (blacks and mulattos) to assume the office of Governor-General. Nine months later, he proclaimed himself Emperor Jacques 1er in September 1804 and ruled Haiti until his assassination on October 17, 1806.