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Coal based power makes up about almost 41 % with the world's electricity generation. Coal fired power plants operate on the modified Rankine thermodynamic cycle.The efficiency is dictated by the parameters with this thermodynamic cycle. The overall coal plant efficiency ranges from 32 % to 42 %. This is mainly dictated through the Superheat and Reheat steam temperatures and Superheat pressures. Most in the large power plants operate at steam pressures of 170 bar and 570 ??C Superheat, and 570 ?? C reheat temperatures. The efficiencies of such plants range between 35 % to 38 %. Super critical power plants operating at 220 bar and 600/600 ??C is capable of efficiencies of 42 %. Ultra super critical pressure power plants at 300 bar and 600/600 ??C is capable of doing efficiencies inside the selection of 45% to 48 % efficiency.
Itaipu hydroelectric power plant is constructed on the Parana River inside areas adjoining the borders of Brazil and Paraguay. The construction began in 1975 and take care of in 1991. There are 20 power generation units with total capacity of 14000 MW or 14GW. In 1995, the plant was in charge of 25% of total power supply in Brazil, and almost 80% in Paraguay.
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